A new turntable of this potential encourages a trawl through all the oldies. Like most of us, these days I buy CD in preference to LP, even though I still prefer the sound of a good LP-based system by quite a signifcant margin. This does mean that most of my LPs are from way back when, and with this deck I was spurred to dig out a whole range of old faves played so often that their sound - including blemishes - is imprinted indelibly upon my mind.

Memory wasn't all I worked from though. Most recently a Systemdek IIXE with SME 309 arm (from now on called IIXE/309) and Goldring 1042 have been in use quite a lot. Natu- rally, for validity I removed the very same cartridge from the 309 and installed it in the 312 arm.

One ofthe most recent LPs in my collection is Tracey Chapman's Crossroads. I also have the CD for companson, although comparisons are not necessarily valid since LP cutting masters are usually equalised to make up for losses. However, the stronger apparent dynamics of the LP that I noticed with the IIXE/309 were further reinforced by the 401/312 combination.

Tracey Chapman's voice had better centre stage focus and was possessed of greater dynamic contrast against the background, especially when compared to the CD. There was more detail within the acoustic guitar; the strings resonated richly on LP. Bass was lighter but more in balance from LP (in truth, it is overblown on CD due to deliberately applied EQ) and there was none of the treble sharpness and incisiveness of CD.

I made this LP versus CD comparison for the sake of thoroughness as part of a listening test regime; I had already noticed from listening to various LPs on the 401/312 that, generally, there was stronger resolu- tion of dynamic contrasts than I previously recall hearing from LP. Vocalists were better resolved in terms of image sharpness, but, especially, in terms of their dynamics. This applied to instruments too; their range from soft to loud sounded greater on the 401/312 combination and, by any standard - especially CD - it was very wide and exciting.

CLEARER BASS
There were other particular strengths that I noticed though. Certain classically bad/strong/important bass lines were much clearer; in fact the whole bass end sounded cleaner and had more upper bass detail. Far less gloopy than usual was the bass line behind Van Mornson's gorgeous track Madame George, from Astral Weeks. It gained control, as well as string and body detail, making what I have generally heard as vague and over- blown sound reasonably normal. What the 401/312 brought to bass was control, inner detail and superb resolution of tempo as a result of these improvements. 

An album like Grace Jones' 'Nightclubbing', which relies on the considerable talents of Messrs Dunbar and Shakespeare, displayed drier, tighter and speedier bass; in fact the tracks snapped into focus generaliy, with Robbie Shakespeare's bass lines seeming to meld into the rest of the performance naturally. It isn't uncommon for his bass to sound a bit woolly in all senses on many decks. The 401/312 were able to resolve and deliver unusually well defined bass.

I suspect there are two reasons for the superb bass performance. The deck and arm are verv high mass, rigid items well located on a heavy plinth. Vibration and consequent signal loss are reduced as a result. Additionally, the 401 does appear to have better timing than a beit drive turntable, probably as a result of its high-torque dnve system. It sounded to me as if dynamic slowing on transients was reduced, since there was a fine sense of timing generally, with unusually clean stops and starts to transients.

Although CD/LP comparisons aren't strictly valid, the 401/312 combination sounded so controlled, but dynamic, I couldn't resist trawling through a range of albums, making comparisons. Annie Lennox on the album Touch sounded more natural on LP, having a richer and fuller voice with more to it: more natural character. By contrast, she sounded a trifle thin and sterile on CD, like Tracey Chapman as I mentioned earlier. However, instruments were more emphatic at very high and very low frequencies.

On Learning to Crawl I again felt Chrissie Hynde sounded more natural on LP, but this time the band sounded a bit more diffuse on LP than CD, as if the stylus wasn't matching the groove modulation angle in fact. The CD had it for clarity, although it still sounded sharp and uneasy to listen to. The situation was radically reversed on that all-time balls-up of a CD, Heaven 17's 'The Luxury Gap'. The LP has excellent sound quality; the CD is all treble. Something went very wrong!

And finally I was surprised to hear The Lords ofthe New Church on their eponymous album sound better on CD than LP. Again, at full thrash the band sounded clearer on CD, like the Pretenders, yet LP still sounded easier on the ear and more amenable.

Comparing LP to CD is usually unenlightening. The differences are many and various, like their reasons for being so. However, the 401/312 did bring a stronger sense of control and timing to LP that usefully elevated it toward the sound of CD, provoking comparisons. It is still the case that LP breathes more easily, sounds less sterile and forced. However, with a high level complex signal it can also sound more muddled than CD. Whether another cartridge may have helped I do not know; the 1042 is actually clearer than most.

With vocals in particular, I feel LP wins quite easily. Here, the 401/312 showed what superb results are obtainable. Similarly, bass perfomm- ances from LP were handled very well by these components, removing the blurring and imprecision that often colours results.

So it is true, that when made to perform properly, and mounted in an appropriate plinth, the Garrard 401 doesn't rumble and can provide absolutely superb results. I believe Japanese audiophiles got it right a long time ago when they took to turntables like the 301, mounted on an enormous plinth, in preference to all else. Handled with due knowledge and placed in a suitable environment, the Garrard 401 is a superb tumtable, every bit as good - possibly better - than more modern belt drives. We never knew what we had when we had it.

Eric Braithwaite Says . . .
When the refurbished 401 arrived at my flat it instantly sent me on a reflective trip down memory lane. The first touch of finger on the silky but firmly sprung control knobs had me practically purring with pleasure.

The whole purpose of taking the Garrard home was not just to indulge in a time-warp fantasy, however, it was to compare it against a modem turntable. In this case, a Michell Gyrodec with SMEIV arm and Morch da Capo cartridge. Not having two da Capos, the Garrard's SME312 was fitted wth my Koetsu Black moving coil.

The results were startling. Put on any vinyl with pace to it - and that meant anything from Roxy to Techno to Rachmaninov's Symphonic Dances - and the Garrard's evident speed and dead-stop transients were astounding. So much so, that another listener kept getting up from his seat to check the strobe to convince himself it wasn't running fast. That's a good metaphor the 401 had an unparalleled ability to run with the rythms at Olympic speed.

Percussion stayed crisp and tight, not the least sign of flabbiness or uncertainty. The Koetsu tracked like a dream, riding warps that on my Gyrodec make a record clamp mandatory. One of the fundamental virtues of the solid plinth was a near-total lack of feedback I'd be surprised if the stylus would shift out of the groove even with a drop-kick from Will Carling.

Where the Gyrodec did score was with a more expansive staging: wider and with more subtle depth. Other subtleties were also evident, particularly in vocal presentation. While the Garrard could produce a remarkably three-dimensional portrayal, the Gyro came up trumps on Mary Black with much more detail in intonation. It's that subtle difference between following a score and being able to amend it according to the performer's interpretation. Instrumental textures were just that much less thick, too.

Also noticeable was a trait which I (and someone else, who had also recently heard a 312) ascribed more to the arm than the cartridge or the turntable. There was a wiriness to the upper strings and a touch of sting to some guitar notes or higher vocal notes. None of this detracted from the liveliness or lucidity of the 401: if those are among the major criteria for a turntable, the old Garrard stands up well against the modern competition. 

The weight of the platter irons out high rate wow and flutter components, as the speed stabiliy analysis shows. The 401 had wow components at 2.25Hz and 6Hz, but they are very low. What the LP lacks, to its great benefit, is higher order speed variations, such as flutter on cassette and, we might say, jitter on CD, which affects musical timing in a different way. 

l also strongly suspect, after listening to the very clean transient starts and stops supported by this turntable. that its high torque drive system suffers less from dynamic slowing than belt drives. That's why it not only sounds dynamic, but has a very good sense of pace and rhythmic control.

The rumble demon has been banished completely by Martin Bastin's new bearing and plinth. Previously it measured around -25dB at 25Hz, relative to the DIN rumble test tone. Now, the spectrum analyser shows 25Hz level measures -60dB, looking like ordinary disc surface noise rather than a discrete rumble component. The smoothness of the rumble spectrum indicates there is no rumble as such. The downward slope of the curve across the centre of the picture is due only to RIAA correction boosting low frequencies.

The peak lies at 8Hz. being caused by arm/cartridge resonance, stimulated by the motion of the disc. It shows that the arm is quite well matched to the medium compliance of the Goldring 1042, since this frequency should ideally be above the warp region (i.e. above 6Hz). 

Although the 312 is long, its lightweight tapered tube has quite low effecdve mass. These measurements show that the Garrard 401, fitted with Martin Bastin's revised bearing and fitted in his heavyweight plinth, possesses a superb measured performance, comparable to the best turntables ever built. NK